Recombinant Goat Toll-Like Receptor 4, N-His

Goat Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that plays a central role in the innate immune system. It primarily functions as a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which is a critical factor in inducing inflammation. TLR4 activation triggers downstream signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. This receptor is crucial for the initial sensing of infection and the strengthening of innate immunity . In goats, TLR4 is expressed in various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and it is also found in some non-immune cells like endothelial cells . Abnormalities in TLR4 signaling have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and fibrotic diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target.