Recombinant Rabbit Protein S100 (S100A8), N-His

Rabbit S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein that plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune responses. It is primarily found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9), which has a wide range of intra- and extracellular functions. Intracellularly, it facilitates leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulates the cytoskeleton during phagocyte migration, and activates the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Extracellularly, it exhibits proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging, and apoptosis-inducing activities. S100A8 acts as an alarmin or a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, stimulating innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). This binding activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways, amplifying the proinflammatory cascade. Additionally, S100A8 has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, likely through chelation of Zn(2+), an essential cofactor for microbial growth. It also induces cell death via autophagy and apoptosis, contributing to the regulation of neutrophil number and apoptosis.