Recombinant Mouse Toll-like Receptor 4 (Tlr4), N-His

Mouse Toll-like Receptor 4 (Tlr4) is a key receptor in the innate immune system, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. It triggers inflammatory responses through MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, activating NF-κB and MAPK to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Tlr4 is involved in various diseases, including sepsis, chronic inflammation, and cancer, and is a target for immune modulation therapies. In chronic stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, the HMGB1/Tlr4 pathway contributes to hippocampal apoptosis and cognitive impairment. Tlr4 is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where it amplifies inflammatory responses.